Ownership and funding

Ownership and funding

Ownership concepts:

• Public service broadcasting - Public service broadcasting refers to programmes which are only broadcasted for the general public viewings benefit rather than for the commercial benefit to make more money. For example the BBC because they do not use any advertising throughout their broadcasting so it is only shown for the audience's benefit. The BBC is a good example of public service broadcasting because their services only broadcast their productions for the public, without using any advertisements.  

• Commercial broadcasting - Commercial broadcasting is the announcement of a television programme and radio programmes by covertly obtained corporate media rather than to state sponsorship. For example, channel 4, because between each of the programmes which are shown, they air advertisements to help to gain them more money and sponsors. Channel 4 is a good example for commercial broadcasting because between each programme, they show a stream advertisements. 

• Corporate and Private ownership -  Corporate and private ownership means that it is owned by one singular company, therefore no one else apart from that one company is allowed to use it or is allowed to tamper with it. The company is ran by it self with no other outside help. An example would be the guardian. The guardian is a good example for corporate and private ownership because there is no outside help within the company. The guardian is owned and ran by a small selected group of people.

• Global Companies - Global companies are companies around the world who can trade with each other internationally. They may have the same idea for a product but different versions of the same product, therefore they both fit in internationally with different markets. For example Disney is a global company because it is very well known all around the globe. Disney is a good example of a global company because there are Disney resorts which are located in different areas around the world. (Disneyland Paris; Disneyland Florida; Disneyland California etc)

• Vertical integration - Vertical integration is the process of multiple steps in the production or the distribution of a product or a service which are controlled by one singular company to increase the company's power in the marketplace. This integration takes place when one business integrate with another business at a different stage during the chain of production. Ford is a good example of vertical integration because when they sell out they can merge with their customers in a car show room, possible with Arnold Clark. Or they may merge with their suppliers, they may merge with automobile manufactures.

• Horizontal integration - Horizontal integration takes place when one business integrates with another business at the same stage during the chain of production. The Warner brother studios is a good example of horizontal integration because the Warner brothers studios has integrated with AOL time warner, the company in which they merged with owns the franchise, they promote the merchandise in their magazines etc.

Funding types:

• The licence fee - The license fee is the fee in which you pay to provide a range of television, radio as well as online content. Paying the fee for TV licensing also allows the BBC to keep running their channel without their advertisements allowing it to be public. This is a good example of the licence fee because this is an online service which allows you to pay your fee's online. The money you pay for your television licencing fee comes from you, then that money goes towards the BBC to broadcast without advertisements for it to be for public viewing.  

• Subscription - A subscription is an agreement in which you receive something by paying in advance. This could be a film subscription or a music subscription. This is usually something which is paid regularly, usually monthly.  A good example of this would be Netflix because you have to pay a monthly fee in order to keep your subscription to use this service to watch films and programmes. The subscription you pay goes towards Netflix and then goes towards more films and programmes to watch on your device as well as for you to keep your on-going paid subscription.

• One-off payment to own product - A one off payment to own product means that you pay for the product or service you want then after you have paid the entire payment then the product or service is officially yours and there is no more payments to make. An example would be iTunes because once you have paid and downloaded a film, then it is instantly yours to keep. This is a good example for a one off payment because the person buying the product or service only has to pay the full amount once then they own that product rather than paying a certain amount of money over a specific amount of time. The money you pay for a service or product just goes towards that, whilst in return you keep the product or service you paid the full amount for.

• Pay-per view  - Pay per view means that viewers are required to pay a certain fee to watch a specific programme. An example of this would be DirectTV, this is because you have to pay a certain fee to watch a sports match and/or programme. This is a good example because the audience pays towards DirectTV in order to watch a production.


• Sponsorship - Sponsorship means that there is money being provided to pay for a television programme, radio programme, website events or any other activity in exchange for advertising. This is a good example because Cadbury's sponsors Coronation street, this is usually shown before the programme is broadcasted.

 

• Advertising - Advertising is calling the public's attention to sell any commercial products or any services. this can be done across a range of media types; television, radio, billboards, magazines etc. An example of a television advertisement would be the Haribo advert because thy have made a mini series of adults with children's voices with the sweets, suggesting it is for all ages. This is a good example for advertising because it is part of an advertising series and it uses humour to engage the audience.  

• Product placement - Product placement is featuring a product or a service in a television show or in a film. This is used to gain exposure of the product. An example of this would be in a episode from The Big Bang theory, this is exposing the products XBOX ONE and the product PS4. This is a good example for product placement because the XBOX ONE and the PS4 is featured in the programme, exposing the product.

• Private capital - Private capital is a private person or a private company which is separate from the government. An example of this would be Snapchat.  Snapchat is a good example of private capital because snapchat raised $1.8 billion from private investors.

• Crowd-funding - Crowd funding means raising multiple small amounts of money from a large number of people, this is typically done and used online. Peoples used this money which has been gathered by people online to fund their product or project. An example of this would be KickStarter. Kickstarter is a good example because it is a popular service which is used to collect money which is given to them. It is an online service so it is easy to access.

• Development funds - Development funds are used to expand the quality, range and the aspirations of film projects which are being advanced in the UK. This is also used to form a talent-driven home for the writers, directors and the producers. An example of this would be creative England. This is a good example of development funds because this is a specific service which invests in film and television ideas.